YAHUZA, Nafiu; AHMAD BAITA GARKO; ABUBAKAR ATIKU MUSLIM; ABDULLAHI USMAN GULUMBE. An Enhancing Credit Card Fraud Detection through Data Preprocessing and SMOTE-Based Class Balancing: A Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Models. Lead Sci Journal of Management, Innovation and Social Sciences, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 3, p. 15–32, 2026. DOI: 10.63056/lsjmiss.2.3.2026.217. Disponível em: https://scholarclub.org/index.php/LeadSci/article/view/217. Acesso em: 19 sep. 2026.