Yahuza, Nafiu, et al. “An Enhancing Credit Card Fraud Detection through Data Preprocessing and SMOTE-Based Class Balancing: A Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Models”. Lead Sci Journal of Management, Innovation and Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, Aug. 2026, pp. 15-32, doi:10.63056/lsjmiss.2.3.2026.217.