Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure on Farmers in Agriculture-Intensive Regions of Pakistan

Abstract

The pesticides are extensively used in the agricultural sector to boost crop production and eliminate pests but the extensive application poses a major health hazard to the farmers particularly in Pakistan which is an agriculture intensive country. In the current study, the authors discuss the commonness and nature of both chronic and acute health impacts of pesticides on farmers, including the respiratory, neurological, dermatologic, and reproductive outcomes. The study, based on surveys, medical tests, and secondary data (government and non-governmental reports) determines the key risk factors such as long time exposure, poor handling, absence of personal protective equipment (PPE), and poor knowledge on safe practices. The results prove the high level of respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, skin problems, and other chronic illnesses among farmers. The research highlights the urgency to improve and execute the health education, be able to enforce regulations, practice safe pesticide application measures, and implement monitoring to safeguard agricultural employees and facilitate sustainable farming activities in Pakistan.