Rising Threats of Vector-Borne Diseases (Dengue, Malaria, Leishmaniasis) District Dir Lower

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of the prevalence and distribution of three major vector-borne diseases, Dengue, Malaria (Falciferum and Mixed), and Leishmaniasis—during the years 2020 and 2021. The data, derived from monthly case reports, reveals significant trends in disease occurrence across the two years. In 2020, Dengue cases totaled 24, accounting for 0.87% of all reported diseases, with the highest incidence of 4 cases occurring in May. Leishmaniasis was the most prevalent disease, with 2743 cases, making up 98.46% of the total cases for the year. Its peak was observed in August with 276 cases. Malaria Falciferum reached a total of 234 cases (8.56%), with 29 cases reported in September, while Malaria Mixed accounted for 146 cases (5.38%), peaking at 24 cases in December. In 2021, Dengue cases surged to 142, representing 4.49% of all reported cases, with a peak of 17 cases in December. Leishmaniasis continued to dominate, with 3021 cases (94.56%), peaking in August with 340 cases. Malaria Falciferum rose to 263 cases (8.16%), peaking at 40 cases in September, while Malaria Mixed increased to 159 cases (4.89%), with the highest number of 22 cases in March. The study reveals a concerning increase in Dengue and Malaria cases in 2021 compared to 2020, with Leishmaniasis maintaining its dominance in both years. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced vector control measures and public health interventions to manage the growing burden of these diseases.