Smart Irrigation Technologies for Water Conservation in Pakistani Agriculture

Abstract

The agriculture sector of Pakistan is greatly reliant on water, but it is greatly affected by water shortage because of climate change, irrigation methods that are inefficient and diminishing ground water resources. The application of smart irrigation technologies has a potential solution to the efficiency of water use and the productivity of agriculture. The paper will scrutinize the position, opportunities, and the obstacles of implementing smart irrigation systems in Pakistan such as drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, soil-moisture sensors, IoT-based irrigation controllers, and remote-sensing equipment. The paper cites the limitations, which include high initial expenses, lack of awareness to farmers, deficiency of technical capacity, and weak policy provisions, based on the recent studies. The results indicate that the integration of smart irrigation technologies can greatly decrease the waste of water, maximize crop production, and help agricultural development to be sustainable. Nevertheless, universal implementation necessitates favorable policies, subsidies, training of farmers and enhanced access to technological opportunities.