Correction & Retraction Policy

Correction Policy

1. Purpose of Corrections

The Journal of Language, Literature & Social Affairs (JLLSA) is committed to upholding the accuracy, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. This correction policy is designed to address errors that may affect the presentation, interpretation, or understanding of published work, ensuring continued trust in academic publishing.

2. Types of Corrections

• Erratum (Publisher-Initiated Correction): Issued when the journal identifies publishing errors, such as typographical mistakes, incorrect data, or factual inaccuracies, that do not change the overall conclusions of the article.
• Corrigendum (Author-Initiated Correction): Issued when the authors recognize substantive errors in the published work that may affect its interpretation or credibility.

3. Correction Procedure

• Detection: Errors can be identified by authors, readers, peer reviewers, or editorial staff.
• Assessment: The editorial team verifies the reported issue and evaluates the impact on the article’s validity.
• Implementation: If a correction is warranted, a formal correction notice is issued, clearly outlining the changes. The original article remains unchanged but is linked to the published correction for full transparency.

Visibility and Indexing

All correction notices are prominently linked to the original articles and indexed in major academic databases to ensure broad visibility and traceability.

Retraction Policy

1. Purpose of Retractions

Retractions are issued to formally withdraw a published article from the academic record when its content is found to be invalid or unethical. This ensures the scholarly integrity of the journal and prevents the continued citation or dissemination of flawed work.

2. Grounds for Retraction

• Research Misconduct: Evidence of plagiarism, data manipulation, or fabrication that compromises the integrity of the research.
• Ethical Violations: Breaches of ethical standards involving research with human or animal subjects, or failure to obtain necessary approvals.
• Fundamental Errors: Major mistakes in data, methodology, or conclusions that invalidate the findings and cannot be resolved through a correction notice.

3. Retraction Procedure

• Inquiry and Review: The editorial board conducts a detailed investigation, consulting relevant stakeholders such as authors, reviewers, and institutional representatives.
• Editorial Decision: Based on COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) recommendations, the editorial board determines whether retraction is appropriate.
• Retraction Notice: A formal notice is issued, explaining the reason for retraction. The original article remains accessible but is clearly marked as retracted.
• Indexing and Transparency: Retraction notices are openly published and linked to the original articles in all relevant databases to ensure accountability and awareness.

4. Ethical Standards and Transparency

JLLSA follows the ethical publishing guidelines established by COPE and the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. All correction and retraction processes are managed with transparency, fairness, and academic responsibility to protect the integrity of the journal and the research community.

Contact Information

For further clarification regarding our correction or retraction policies, or to report a concern related to a published article, please contact the editorial team at Contact Us.